Bill of exchange ndi mawu odziwika bwino mu bizinesi. Komabe, kwa anthu ambiri, awa akadali mawu atsopano, tsatirani mapazi Hai Phong Transport Vocational School Fufuzani Kodi bilu yosinthanitsa ndi chiyani? ndi zambiri zomwe muyenera kudziwa zokhudza mabilu osinthanitsa kudzera m’nkhani yomwe ili pansipa.
Mukuwona: Kodi Bill of Exchange ndi chiyani? Tanthauzo ndi Zinthu 3 Zofunikira za Mabilu
Kutsatsa
Kodi bilu yosinthanitsa ndi chiyani?
Kodi ndalama ya English exchange ndi chiyani?
Bill of exchange in English ndi Bill Of Exchange kapena Kukonzekera.
Kutsatsa
Kodi bilu yosinthanitsa ndi chiyani?
Bilu yosinthanitsa ndi dongosolo lopanda malire lolipirira, lomwe limakokedwa ndi gulu lina kupita ku lina. M’menemo, zomwe zili mkati zimafuna kuti munthu uyu akalandira ndalama zosinthanitsa, kapena panthawi inayake m’tsogolomu, alipire ndalama zomwe zafotokozedwa muzolembazo pamutuwu kapena zomwe zaperekedwa kwa munthu wina.
Kodi bilu yamalonda yamalonda ndi chiyani?
Zolemba zamalonda zimangomveka ngati chiwongolero chopanda malire choperekedwa ndi wogulitsa kunja kukafuna ndalama kuchokera kwa wogulitsa kunja.
Kutsatsa
Zolemba zamalonda zitha kusamutsidwa kuchokera kwa munthu kupita kwa wina mkati mwa nthawi inayake, wolipira amalipira mwiniwake wabilu yosinthanitsa ngakhale mgwirizano wogulitsa sungathe kuchitidwa mokwanira.
Owerenga atha kudziwa zambiri zamakhalidwe amalonda apa.
Kodi kalata ya banki ndi chiyani?
Kukonzekera kwa banki ndi ndalama yosinthanitsa yoperekedwa ndi banki yomwe ikupereka kwa banki yake kuti ilipire ndalama zina kwa wopindula zomwe zafotokozedwa pa bilu yosinthanitsa.
Kupanga mabilu osinthanitsa
Bili yosinthanitsa imadziwika kuyambira kalekale ngati njira yopezera ngongole ndi kulipira pazamalonda. Poyambirira, ndalama zosinthira zidangopangidwa mwa mawonekedwe a promissory note (mtundu wa promissory note).
Pambuyo pake, chifukwa chikalata cholonjeza sichinapangitse njira yosonkhanitsira ngongole kwa wogulitsa kwa wogula, kuyambira m’zaka za zana la khumi ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi, chikalata chosinthana (chikalata chopangidwa ndi wobwereketsa kenako kutumizidwa kwa wogula). kufuna malipiro.
Pofuna kugwirizanitsa malamulo a ndalama zosinthanitsa, mu 1912, msonkhano woyamba wapadziko lonse wokhudzana ndi ndalama zosinthanitsa unachitika ku Den Haag kuti alengeze pamodzi ndondomeko za ndalama zosinthanitsa m’mayiko omwe ali mamembala. Komabe, lamulo limeneli linathanso nkhondo yoyamba ya padziko lonse itayamba.
Mu 1930, msonkhano wa Lamulo la Bili za Kusinthanitsa udachitikira ku Geneva, mayiko omwe ali mamembala adabwera kudzasainira msonkhano wapadziko lonse, womwe udakhazikitsa lamulo loyendetsa mabilu osinthana otchedwa ” The Uniform Law for Bills of Exchange, chidule cha ULB 1930, ikadali yofunika lero.
Masiku ano, Msonkhano wa Geneva ukugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m’mayiko onse, kupatula United States ndi Great Britain. Msonkhano wa Geneva udakali ndi zotsutsana zina monga:
- Mawonekedwe a kalata yosinthira ndalama zimatengera lamulo la dziko lomwe lasainidwa
- Mphamvu ya obligor pa bilu yosinthanitsa imadalira lamulo la dziko lake.
- Zotsatira za udindo wovomerezeka wa wolandira ndi udindo wa wojambula zimadalira lamulo lomwe likugwiritsidwa ntchito pamalo olipira.
- Mtundu wa apilo ndi nthawi yovomerezeka ya apilo zimadalira lamulo la dziko limene bilu yosinthanitsa ikutsutsidwa.
- Lamulo logwiritsidwa ntchito kumalo olipira lidzatsimikizira muyeso womwe ungaweruze ngati ndalama zosinthanitsa zatayika kapena zowonongeka.
Padziko lapansi, mpaka pano, mwalamulo, pali magwero anayi a malamulo oyendetsera kayendetsedwe ka ndalama zosinthanitsa. Ndiko kuti:
- Lamulo Lofanana pa Bili Zosinthana (ULB 1930)
- Bills of Exchange Act ya 1882 (BEA)
- Khodi Yamalonda Yofanana ya 1995 (UCC)
- Ndalama za International Bills of Exchange and Promissory Notes zinaperekedwa mu 1982 ndi United Nations Commission on International Trade Law.
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Makamaka, Uniform Law of Bills (ULB 1930) amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mayiko ambiri monga: Australia, Belgium Denmark, Finland France, Greece Hungary, Italy, Luxembourg, Monaco, Netherlands, Nowways, Poland, Soviet Union, Brazil , Japan…
France idalowa nawo ku Geneva Convention ya 1930, koma patatha zaka 6, idagwiritsa ntchito mwalamulo USB. Vietnam panthawiyo inali dziko la France, choncho idagwiritsanso ntchito lamuloli kuyambira 1937 malinga ndi lamulo la Bwanamkubwa waku France ku Indochina.
Lamulo la zida zomwe zingatheke No. 49/2005/QH11 (lomwe limadziwikanso kuti Lamulo pazida zokambitsirana za Vietnam linabadwa mwalamulo ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito ku Vietnam popereka, kuvomereza, kutsimikizira, kusamutsa, etc.) Nam kuyambira Novembara 29, 2005.
Lamuloli limayang’anira ubale wa zida zakale, kusonkhanitsa, kulipira, kubweza ndi mlandu. Zida zomwe mungakambirane zomwe zafotokozedwa mu Lamuloli ndi monga bilu yosinthira, promissory note, cheke ndi zida zina zomwe mungakambirane, kupatula zida zangongole zanthawi yayitali zoperekedwa ndi mabungwe kuti akweze ndalama pamsika.
Lamulo lomwe lili pamwambapa ligwira ntchito kwa mabungwe aku Vietnamese ndi anthu pawokha, mabungwe akunja ndi anthu omwe akutenga nawo gawo pazokambirana m’gawo la Socialist Republic of Vietnam (Ndime 2).
Mutu Wachiwiri wa lamulo la zida zokambitsirana za Vietnamese umaphatikizapo zolemba za 37 pakupanga, kutulutsa, kuvomereza, kugawa, kutsimikizira … zolemba zamalonjezano. Zopereka izi zimatengeranso zoyambira za ULB 1930.
Kuphatikiza apo, popanga ndikugwiritsa ntchito ma drafts munjira zolipirira mayiko, kuphatikiza lamulo la zida zokambitsirana za Vietnam, mabanki aku Vietnam amatsatirabe ULB 1930 kuti apewe zoopsa zomwe zingachitike.
Kodi mabilu osinthanitsa ndi chiyani?
Bilu yosinthanitsa ili ndi zinthu zitatu izi:
Kufotokozera: Kuvomerezeka kwalamulo kwa bilu yosinthanitsa sikumangika ndi zomwe zimayambitsa ndalama zosinthanitsa.
Choncho, pamene alekanitsidwa ndi mgwirizano, ndalama zosinthanitsa zimakhala zodziimira, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti udindo wa malipiro a bilu yosinthana ndi yosadziwika.
Zovomerezeka: Bilu yosinthanitsa ndi “lamulo lolipira lopanda malire”. Izi zikuwonetsedwa kuti kabatiyo amayenera kulipira wopindula popanda zikhalidwe zilizonse.
Kuwerengera zamagalimoto: Mbaliyi ikuwonetsedwa chifukwa chakuti ngongole yosinthanitsa ikhoza kusamutsidwa kamodzi kapena zingapo panthawi yovomerezeka ngakhale mgwirizano wogulitsa sungathe kuchitidwa mokwanira.
Kodi ntchito ya bilu yosinthanitsa ndi yotani?
Bilu yosinthanitsa ndi chida cha ngongole pakati pa kabati ndi wobwereketsa, pakati pa wopereka ndi wopereka, pakati pa banki yamalonda ndi wochotsera, pakati pa banki yayikulu ndi banki yogulitsa.
Bilu yosinthanitsa ndi njira zotetezeka. Bill of exchange ndi chida chachitetezo mu ubale wangongole. Izi zimachokera ku kukhwima kwa ndondomekoyi, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti wobwereketsayo nthawi zonse ali ndi ufulu wofuna kulipira malipiro awo pa tsiku loyenera.
Bilu yosinthanitsa ndi zida zopangira ndalama. Pakuchotsera mabilu, mabanki onse amatha kugula makasitomale. Bilu yosinthanitsa ndi chida cholipira.
Bilu yosinthanitsa ndi chida cholipira kwa onse okhudzidwa nawo. Ndalama zosinthanitsa zikalipidwa pa tsiku loyenera, ndalama zazikulu zomwe zanenedwa pabilu yosinthira zimatengedwa kuti zalipidwa.
Kodi bilu yosinthana ndi chiyani?
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Mabilu osinthanitsa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri polipira kunja ndi kutumiza kunja ndipo nthawi zambiri amagwirizana ndi njira zolipirira zapadziko lonse lapansi monga kusungitsa ndalama, L/C.
Bill of exchange imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri mu bizinesi ndi malonda chifukwa imapangitsa kuti pakhale njira yosonkhanitsira ngongole kuchokera kwa wogulitsa kupita kwa wogula. Chifukwa chake, zimathandizira kuti zosinthana zamalonda zikhale zosavuta pagawo lolipira.
Kodi zomwe zili mubilu yosinthanitsa ndi chiyani?
Zomwe zili mubilu yosinthanitsa ziyenera kukwaniritsa zinthu izi:
- Mutu wa bilu yosinthanitsa;
- Malo ojambulira bili yosinthanitsa;
- Tsiku lotulutsidwa;
- Lamulo lopanda malire lofuna kulipira ndalama zina;
- Mtengo wa nkhope ya bilu yosinthanitsa;
- Kukhwima kwa bilu yosinthanitsa;
- Malo olipira ngongole yosinthanitsa;
- Wopindula, wolipira, wojambula;
- Siginecha ya munthu yemwe akujambula bilu yosinthanitsa.
Kodi pali mitundu ingati yamabilu osinthanitsa?
Kutengera nthawi yolipiraMabilu osinthanitsa amagawidwa m’mitundu iwiri:
- Zolemba zowonera (kuphatikiza zolemba ndi zolemba zomwe zimalipidwa pakadutsa masiku “x”)
- Malipiro a nthawi yosinthana.
Kutengera zikalata zotsagana nazoMabilu osinthanitsa amagawidwa m’mitundu iwiri:
- Ndalama zosinthira.
- Bili yosinthanitsa ndi zikalata.
Kutengera chikhalidwe chosinthika Bili yosinthira imagawidwa m’mitundu itatu:
- Ndalama zosinthira zosadziwika.
- Dzina labilu yosinthanitsa.
- Bili yosinthana ndi dongosolo.
Kutengera kabati ya bill of exchangeMabilu osinthanitsa amagawidwa m’mitundu iwiri:
- Ndalama zamalonda zosinthana.
- Kukonzekera kwa banki.
Kutengera njira zolipiriraMabilu osinthanitsa amagawidwa m’mitundu iwiri:
- Bili yosinthanitsa yogwiritsidwa ntchito posonkhanitsa.
- Bili yosinthana yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito mu kalata yangongole.
Maphwando ku bilu yosinthanitsa
Mitu yomwe ikukhudzidwa pakupanga ma drafts ndi:
- Kabati (Drawa): ndi wobwereketsa, munthu amene amapereka ngongole kuti atenge ndalama kwa wobwereketsa.
- Chojambula kapena chojambula (Drawee) ndi wangongole kapena wina wosankhidwa ndi wamangawa kuti alipire ngongole yake.
- Opindula (Opindula) ndiye wopindula ndi ndalama zomwe zanenedwa pabilu yosinthira. Munthu uyu akhoza kukhala wojambula yekha (Drawer) kapena wosankhidwa ndi kabatiyo.
Kodi bill of exchange ndi chiyani?
Zolemba zochotsera ndi kutumiza zikalata za L/C ndi njira yowonjezerera ngongole ku Banki kwa makasitomala, momwe Banki idzawombola ndikutsata Bill of Lading ndi/kapena seti ya zikalata molingana ndi zomwe zili mu Lamuloli. L/C musanayambe kulipira.
Kuchotsera kumatengera mtengo wochotsera komanso kukhwima kotsala kwa zolembazo. Ngati chiwongola dzanja chili chochepa ndipo kukhwima kotsalira kwazomwe akulemberako kuli kochepa, kuchotserako kumakhala kochepa komanso mosiyana.
Zitsanzo zina za bilu yosinthanitsa
Onani zambiri:
Kupyolera muzomwe zili pamwambazi, owerenga amadziwa kuti ndalama zosinthanitsa ndi chiyani komanso zofunikira zokhudzana ndi bizinesi iyi. Ngati mukuwona kuti ndizothandiza, chonde Like ndikugawana nkhaniyi kuti muthandizire Hai Phong Transport Vocational School!
Tsamba lofikira: Truonggtvthp.edu.vn
Category: Chiyani
